1 = English
2 = French

What is your province/territory of residence?
1 = Alberta
2 = British Columbia
3 = Manitoba
4 = New Brunswick
5 = Newfoundland and Labrador
6 = Nova Scotia
7 = Ontario
8 = Prince Edward Island
9 = Quebec
10 = Saskatchewan
11 = Northwest Territories
12 = Nunavut
13 = Yukon
99 = Prefer not to say

In what year were you born?
77 = Year:
9998 = 2013 or more recent
9999 = Prefer not to say

Are you at least 12 years of age?
1 = Yes
2 = No
99 = Prefer not to say

In which of the following age categories do you belong?
1 = Less than 12 years old
2 = 12 to 15
3 = 16 to 17
4 = 18 to 20
5 = 21 to 24
6 = 25 to 34
7 = 35 to 44
8 = 45 to 54
9 = 55 to 64
10 = 65 or older
99 = Prefer not to say

Calculated Age Group
1 = 12-16
2 = 17-20
3 = 21-24
4 = 25-34
5 = 35-44
6 = 45-54
7 = 55-64
8 = 65+

What is your gender?
1 = Male gender
2 = Female gender
3 = Gender diverse
99 = Prefer not to say

What is the age(s) or ages of the child(ren) or youth(s) for whom you are a parent, guardian or caregiver?
1 = Under 6 years old
2 = 6 to 11 years old
3 = 12 to 13 years old
4 = 14 to 16 years old
5 = 17 to 18 years old
6 = 19 to 24 years old
7 = Over 24 years old
99 = Prefer not to say

Have you acted as a volunteer, coach, teacher, mentor or counsellor to children or youth under the age of 21?
1 = Yes, often
2 = Yes, sometimes
3 = Never
99 = Prefer not to say

This survey explores awareness, understanding and perceptions about gang activity and gun violence. Please be assured that your responses will be strictly confidential and will not be linked to you in any way. How concerned are you that gangs and...
1 = Very concerned
2 = Somewhat concerned
3 = Not very concerned
4 = Not at all concerned
99 = Don't know

How often do you hear about gangs or gang-related violence in your local community?
1 = Frequently
2 = Sometimes
3 = Infrequently
4 = Never
99 = Don't know

From what source(s) do you hear information about gangs and gang-related violence in your community?
1 = Television
2 = Radio
3 = Podcasts
4 = Web/Internet
5 = Print (newspaper, magazines)
6 = Online forums (e.g. Reddit, Quora)
7 = Social media (Facebook, Instagram, X, TikTok, etc.)
8 = School or community organization
9 = Word of mouth (from a neighbour, friend or family member)
10 = Promotional materials/newsletters
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know/can't remember

Why do you think most people join gangs?
1 = To make money
2 = Peer pressure
3 = Following family members
4 = Lack of education or job opportunities
5 = Safety/protection
6 = Media portrayal (Look cool on TV, movies, etc.)
7 = Poor mental health
8 = Seeking friends or a social circle
9 = Cultural pressure
10 = Lack of belonging
11 = Intergenerational trauma
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know

What two activities do you most associate with gangs?
1 = Organized crime
2 = Robbery/break and enters
3 = Human trafficking/intimate partner violence
4 = Gun crimes (shootings, trafficking/smuggling, etc.)
5 = Drug crimes (dealing/selling)
6 = Violence (enforcement, etc.)
7 = Netbanging (social media activity)
8 = Racially motivated crimes
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know

People join gangs because they feel they have to.
1 = Strongly agree
2 = Somewhat agree
3 = Somewhat disagree
4 = Strongly disagree
99 = Don't know

Have you, or someone close to you, been affected by gang-related violence (criminal activity, drugs, gun-related violence, etc.)?
1 = Yes
2 = No
98 = Don't know
99 = Prefer not to say

How would you rate the performance of the Government of Canada when it comes to introducing measures (i.e., policies, programs) to address gang-related violence?
1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Fair
4 = Poor
99 = Don't know

Restrictions on the sale, purchase and transfer of handguns
1 = Strongly support
2 = Somewhat support
3 = Somewhat oppose
4 = Strongly oppose
99 = Don't know

Do you feel safe in your community (emotionally and/or physically)?
1 = Always
2 = Mostly
3 = Sometimes
4 = Rarely
5 = Never
99 = Prefer not to say

Do you feel safe at your school (emotionally and/or physically)?
1 = Always
2 = Mostly
3 = Sometimes
4 = Rarely
5 = Never
98 = Not applicable (do not attend school)
99 = Prefer not to say

Can you share what makes you feel unsafe in your community?
77 = Please specify
99 = Prefer not to say

Who would you talk to if you were feeling unsafe in your community?
1 = Parent/guardian
2 = Other family member (sibling, grandparent, etc.)
3 = Teacher/educator/coach
4 = Friend
5 = All of them
77 = Other (please specify)
98 = I would never talk to anyone
99 = Don't know

Has someone talked to you about the risks and harms of gangs before?
1 = Yes
2 = No
99 = Don't know/can't remember

Who talked to you about the risks and harms of gangs?
1 = Parent/guardian
2 = Other family member (sibling, grandparent, etc.)
3 = Teacher/educator/coach
4 = Friend
5 = All of them
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know/can't remember

What are the activities you do most often after school?
1 = Sports
2 = Art
3 = After-school programs (either through school or through comm
4 = Work at a part-time job
5 = Homework
6 = Entertainment (movies, TV, video games, YouTube, social medi
7 = Get together with friends
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Prefer not to say

Where would you go for resources on how to support a child who may be at risk of joining a gang?
1 = Government websites
2 = Non-profit organizations (community centers, Boys and Girls
3 = School/educators (teachers, counselors, etc.)
4 = Police or authorities
5 = Religious or cultural leader
6 = Social media
7 = Friends/Family
8 = Online forums (Reddit, Quora, etc.)
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know

How much have you heard about available resources and programs that can help at-risk youth and prevent youth from joining gangs?
1 = Heard a lot about this
2 = Heard a bit about this
3 = Had not heard about this at all
99 = Don't know/can't remember

How effective do you think youth programs (such as sports/activities, after-school programs, mentorships, community outreach, etc.) are to help keep kids out of gangs?
1 = Very effective
2 = Somewhat effective
3 = Not very effective
4 = Not at all effective
99 = Don't know

Have you ever participated in or enrolled a child in a youth program (such as sports/activities, after-school programs, mentorships, community outreach, etc.)?
1 = I have participated in a youth program as a child
2 = I have participated in a youth program as an adult (coach, e
3 = I have enrolled a child in a youth program
98 = I have never participated or enrolled a child in a youth pro
99 = Don't know/can't remember

What youth programs have you participated in or enrolled a child in?
1 = Group sports
2 = Individual sports
3 = Arts/culture-related activities
4 = Mentorship/educational activities
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know/can't remember

What has prevented you from participating in or enrolling a child in a youth program?
1 = Too expensive
2 = Time commitment
3 = Feeling unwelcome
4 = No programs or openings in my community
5 = Not sure where to find information or how to register
6 = Transportation concerns (no accessible bus routes, don't hav
7 = Never thought about it
8 = Health concerns/limitations
9 = Child not interested/unnecessary
77 = Other (please specify)
99 = Don't know

To finish up, we have just a few questions about you for statistical purposes only. Please be assured that your answers will remain completely confidential. What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?
1 = I am in middle school
2 = I am in high school
3 = High school diploma or equivalent
4 = Trade certificate or diploma (apprenticeship, technical inst
5 = College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplom
6 = University (undergraduate degree)
7 = University (graduate or professional degree)
8 = Less than high school diploma or equivalent
99 = Prefer not to say

Were you born in Canada or another country?
1 = Canada
3 = UNITED KINGDOM, IRELAND, WALES, SCOTLAND
4 = OTHER WESTERN EUROPE (FRANCE, GERMAN, BELGIUM...)
5 = NORTHERN EUROPE, SCANDANAVIAN (NETHERLANDS, HOLLAND...)
6 = EASTERN/CENTRAL EUROPE (POLAND, ROMANIA....)
7 = SOUTH ASIA (PAKISTAN, INDIA...)
8 = SOUTH EAST ASIA (CHINA, HONG, KONG...)
9 = CARIBBEAN (JAMAICA, HAITI...)
10 = CENTRAL/SOUTH/LATIN AMERICA (COLUMBIA, GUYANA, EL SAVADOR...
11 = AFRICA (SOUTH AFRICA, ZIMBABWE, NIGERIA...)
12 = RUSSIA
13 = WESTERN/CENTRAL ASIA (LEBANON, IRAN, ISRAEL...)
14 = U.S.A
15 = OCEANIA (NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, FIJI)
77 = Other country, please specify :
97 = OTHER
99 = Prefer not to say

When did you move to Canada?
7777 = Enter year:
9999 = Don't know/can't remember

When did you move to Canada?
9999 = Don't know/can't remember

Which of the following, if any do you identify as?
1 = A racialized minority
2 = Indigenous (First Nation, Inuit, or Metis)
3 = A person with a learning disability (learning, memory or dev
4 = A person with a mental illness that limits daily activities
5 = A person with a physical disability (long-term or recurring
6 = 2SLGBTQI (two-spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender,
98 = None of the above
99 = Prefer not to say

Which of the following best describes your ethnic background or nationality?
1 = British isles (English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh)
2 = French
3 = Other European (i.e. German, Italian, Ukrainian, Polish, Dut
4 = Indigenous/First Nations/Métis/Inuit
5 = Chinese
6 = Other East or Southeast Asian (i.e., Japanese, Korean, Vietn
7 = South Asian (i.e., Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan or Banglade
8 = African
9 = Latin American
10 = Middle East/West Asian (i.e., Iran, Turkey, etc.)
11 = Caribbean
12 = Canadian
13 = French Canadian
14 = JEWISH
77 = Other, please specify :
99 = Prefer not to say

Which of the following categories best describes your total household income? That is, the total income of all persons in your household combined, before taxes.
1 = Under $20,000
2 = $20,000 to just under $40,000
3 = $40,000 to just under $60,000
4 = $60,000 to just under $80,000
5 = $80,000 to just under $100,000
6 = $100,000 to just under $150,000
7 = $150,000 and above
98 = Don't know
99 = Prefer not to say

Which of the following best describes where you live?
1 = An urban area
2 = A suburban area
3 = A small town, rural or remote area
4 = An Indigenous community
77 = Other (please specify)
98 = Don't know
99 = Prefer not to say

Completion Marker
1 = Total