C-EnterNet Short Report 2009

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PDF version 12 pages 721 kb

Table of Contents

Introduction

Human Case Summary

• Table 1: Disease-specific annual incidence rates in Sentinel Site 1 in 2009 compared to 2008
• Figure 1: Temporal trends of the three most frequent enteric diseases, and total bacterial, viral and parasitic enteric diseases from Sentinel Site 1, 1990 to 2009

Retail Component

• Table 2: Pathogen detection on retail meat, 2008-2009
• Figure 2: Yearly distribution of pathogen contamination on retail meat, 2006-2009
• Table 3: Pathogen detection on leafy greens in 2009

Agriculture Component

• Table 4: Pathogen detection from individual manure samples in 2008 and 2009
• Table 5: Pathogen detection at the farm level in 2008 and 2009
• Figure 3: Pathogen detection (sample level) from manure samples in 2006 - 2009

Water Component

• Table 6: Pathogen detection in untreated surface water in Sentinel Site 1, 2008-2009
• Figure 4: Proportion of positive untreated surface water samples tested by culture method in Sentinel Site 1 between 2006 to 2009 for selected enteric pathogens

Introduction

C-EnterNet is a multi-partner, integrated surveillance initiative facilitated by the Public Health Agency of Canada. C-EnterNet is based on a sentinel site surveillance model to collect information on both cases of infectious gastrointestinal illness and sources of exposure within defined communities—an approach that would not be possible on a broader scale. C-EnterNet’s innovative approach studies the interface between animals, humans and their ecosystems to provide knowledge that will inform the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

C-EnterNet’s sentinel site—the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario—is a community of approximately 500,000 residents, has a mix of both urban and rural areas and demonstrates innovation in public health and water conservation and treatment. Within this site, active surveillance of enteric pathogens is performed in water, food and on farms, and enhanced human disease surveillance is performed in collaboration with public health partners. Beginning in 2010, C-EnterNet will partner with the Fraser Health Authority and expand to its second sentinel site in part of the Fraser Valley in the lower mainland of British Columbia.

C-EnterNet’s primary objectives are to detect changes in trends in human enteric disease and in levels of pathogen exposure from food, animal and water sources in a defined population; and to strengthen source attribution efforts in Canada by determining statistically significant risk factors for enteric illness.

The purpose of this report is to present the main preliminary findings from the 2009 surveillance year in Sentinel Site 1. New in 2009, C-EnterNet’s routine retail sampling program expanded to include the testing of bagged leafy greens and the preliminary findings are presented. Note that C-EnterNet data need to be considered in the context of the sentinel nature of this program, thus major conclusions cannot yet be extrapolated nationally. This report will be followed by a long report, which will include more extensive analyses of temporal trends and subtyping information for an integrated perspective on enteric disease from exposure to source for 2009.

For further information about the C-EnterNet program or sampling methodologies, please refer to our website (http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/c-enternet/index-eng.php).